Health Care Fraud - 18 U.S.C. § 1347-Aiding and Abetting 18 U.S.C. § 2
To support a conviction for health care fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1347, the government must prove that the defendant: (1) knowingly and willfully executed, or attempted to execute, a scheme to (2) defraud a health care program, here, as set out in the superseding indictment, the Medicare program, or to obtain by false or fraudulent pretenses money or property under the custody or control of a health care program, (3) “in connection with the delivery of or payment for health care benefits, items, or services.” 18 U.S.C. § 1347. Also, the government must show that the defendant’s scheme to defraud affected interstate commerce.

Money Laundering

In general. Money laundering involves an effort by a person or persons to conceal the existence, illegal source, or illegal application of income, and disguising that income to make it appear legitimate. Twenty-First Survey of White Collar Crime - Chapter on Money Laundering, 43 Am. Crim. L. Rev. 739 (2006). Two statutes were passed by Congress to address money laundering, 18 U.S.C. § 1956 and § 1957. Both statutes criminalize activity or money transactions by an individual or individuals knowing that the funds involved are derived from criminal activity